The Controversial Concept Of Battered Woman Syndrome

Battered Woman Syndrome The controversial concept of Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS) is a psychological theory that aims to explain the behavior of certain women who suffer abuse from their husbands, partners, or significant others. The theory was first proposed and introduced by Dr. Lenore Walker in the 1970’s based on her clinical observations. It then quickly became a common way to validate criminal behavior of women who were charged with the murder of their partner, however since the syndrome wasn’t confirmed through scientific research as a real disorder, it didn’t enjoy widespread support from the forensic psychologist’s community. Learned Helplessness Originally, battered woman syndrome was termed as learned helplessness. Walker†¦show more content†¦Battered women stay in these perilous relationships for a variety of reasons, including: †¢ still being positively reinforced by the honeymoon phase of the battering cycle †¢ financial dependence upon the batterer †¢ false belief that they can keep the peace †¢ distress of danger if she were to leave †¢ threats made by the batterer to hurt her or her children if she left †¢ loss of self-confidence †¢ depression or loss of psychological energy necessary to leave As determined by Dr. Walker s The Battered Woman Syndrome (p. 95-97, 1984), there are four common characteristics of the disorder: 1. The woman believes that the violence was or is her fault. 2. The woman has an inability to place the responsibility for the violence elsewhere. 3. The woman fears for her life and/or her children s lives. 4. The woman has an irrational belief that the abuser is omnipresent and omniscient. Women who are chronically battered has been categorized as a subclass of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is composed of the following symptoms: re-living the battering as if it were reoccurring even when it is not, efforts to circumvent the psychological effect of battering by avoiding activities, people, and emotions, hyperarousal or hypervigilance, disrupted interpersonal relationships, body image distortion or other somatic concerns, and sexuality

Addressing Unethical Behavior in the Criminal Justice System

To understand the ethical challenges in the criminal justice system, I took a look at the three parts of criminal justice, Policing, Courts, and Corrections. In doing so I found that this is quite a large topic. The areas I would like to touch on are; those areas in which the newly hired police officer, lawyer, and corrections officer my face. Having only the training he/she was given in their respective academy’s or in the case of attorneys Law School, and with the Oath of office they had just sworn to, hopefully still in, and the men and women they are placed with to guide them; above all their own sense of ethical behavior and morality. Ethics†¦show more content†¦Weather a Police officer on the beat in, or a newly sworn Lawyer, or perhaps the Corrections officer. Now all these areas of the Criminal Justice system come with a great deal of reasonability. These jobs are not for everyone, there is a multitude of tests and back ground checks one must go through befor e being considered for placement in any Criminal Justice agency. In fact most police departments require a prospective candidate to have at least a two year college degree. Lawyers are required to have many years of schooling, in particular four years of law school, Correctional Services in many states do not require any college at all, and however all do require at least a high school education. Ethics training is not at the forefront of most law enforcement academy curricula. Ethics is sometimes a low-priority, tiresome subject. Little effort can be devoted to ethics as it competes for classroom time with more glamorous and direct-liability subjects such as firearms, non-lethal weapons, defensive tactics, laws of arrest, search and seizure, pursuit driving, etc.(Dr. Frank Kardasz) (1) (Law Enforcement Ethics Training: Practices and Trends) In the training of these Criminal Justice professionals there is a period of training, in the cases of the Police officer and the Corrections officer, there are training academies, Lawyers on the other hand have law schools. Both the corrections officer and police officer areShow MoreRelatedEthics And Character Analysis Interviews1677 Words   |  7 Pagescases, however, we hear news of police officer involvement in criminal activities or unethical behavior such as theft, robbery, abuse of authority and excessive coercion. The indication of police using force against suspects and committing crimes does not appear favorable to the public because people have entrusted them for their protection. Therefore, to address and effectively reduce crime, practitioners in the criminal justice system at the federal, state, and local levels must maintain high ethicalRead MoreCyber Crime And Criminal Justice1420 Words   |  6 Pages Cyber Crime in Criminal Justice James Franklin Florida International Abstract The Internet is the connection of computer networks that link billions of devices worldwide. Every day the Internet is getting bigger and bigger bringing the world even closer. Unfortunately, with the growth of the Internet, this has created more problems for the Cyber World. While the justice system is attempting to handle this issue, it is becoming too consistent and numerous individualsRead MoreThe Ethics of Law Enforcement and Business2996 Words   |  12 Pageshow ethical Law Enforcement members act in our communities, and what is done to prevent unethical behavior. Law enforcement field is a very dangerous, simply because we have men and women trying to prevent unethical people from committing crimes. At time is not like this, police officer might get tempted and become corrupt in a matter of no time, considering is not a high paying job they can corrupt the system easily. Officers little that they know at any giving time they are being tested by an agencyRead MoreJohnson An d Johnson : A Multi Billion Dollar Company1465 Words   |  6 Pagesengaging in destructive behavior or corrupt or criminal activity? Is there dishonesty with a lack of integrity and are leaders being reckless. Under the political frame, this paper will explore groupthink. Skills of managers as politicians and the morality and politics. This paper will be looking at how these thing may have played a role in ethical issues surrounding the case. I will also be addressing the four forces that shape managerial ethics (personal ethics, organizational systems, organizational cultureRead MoreDrug Use And Its Effects On Society1656 Words   |  7 Pagesfamilies, children, our healthcare systems, and our criminal justice systems and controlling it seems to be nearly impossible. Throughout this paper I will address drug problems in our society, the problems associated with drug use, how our society not only through past policies but current policies have attempted to control drugs, and if I were a police chief what policies I would use to help with the drug problem in society. First, I will begin with addressing the drug issue in our society andRead MoreThe Politics Of Texas Citizens1701 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinitely at your place of employment. Many places of employment have employees sign documents saying they will not do anything outside the office that is in conflict with their position and or the company. It is best to work proactively by addressing ethical issues now. Texans, we do not want to be in the same boat as many other states have found themselves with a series of scandals that forces the legislative reform. This perpetuates the mistrust between the public and its elected officialsRead MoreWhen Would Different Research Methods be Appropriate in Criminal Justice and Security Management Research?3177 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿When Would Different Research Methods be Appropriate in Criminal Justice and Security Management Research Introduction The social sciences employ three main types of research methodologies: qualitative research, quantitative research, and mixed-methods research. Qualitative research is a catch-all term that describes field research within social settings (Saint-Germain, 2002). It does not have a control group or require the researchers to impose variables and is not going to be sufficientRead MoreAmerican Prison Systems: Do They Really Work?4530 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿American Prison Systems: Do They Really Work? Introduction: A History of American Prison Systems Prisons were among the first public buildings erected in the New World, and were considered as essential as a cemetery in every town (Lynch, n.d.). However, colonial American prisons were not houses of punishment, as they would later evolve to be (Lynch, n.d). A person who committed a crime was sent to prison only while awaiting trial, and after the trial was complete, the sentence would entailRead MorePolitics and Security in Southeast Asia: Terrorists, Gangsters and the State3078 Words   |  13 PagesName Course Date The issue of security and corruption are related because of how they influence each other. Over the passage of time, the security forces in various countries have compromised their ethical behavior to try and gain wealth. As such, they end up compromising the safety of a country and putting the welfare of the citizens at stake. It is imperative to note that the success of any nation or society depends on the security situation prevailing atRead More Hope for Rehabilitation for Institutionalized Youth Offenders4628 Words   |  19 Pagesbeen suggested that a punitive response to the problem of youth violence in America is an effective means of solving the issue of youth crime, and would also deter future offenders. As a result, the existence of rehabilitation strategies within the system available to offenders is under threat. A harsh and punitive response to youth violence was, in part, brought about by a moral panic across America. Exaggerations by the media and political figures act as instigators of panic. Both the

Soldier’s Home Free Essays

In Ernest Hemingway’s short story, â€Å"Soldier’s Home†, a young man named Krebs is unable to relate to his mother and home life after he returned from the First World War. After Krebs saw death and destruction in the wars most bloody battles, he returns home where his parents try to get him back to his normal routines. His view of the world has changed drastically since the war. We will write a custom essay sample on Soldier’s Home or any similar topic only for you Order Now He no longer feels love in his heart and cannot lie to his mother when she asks if he loves her. One of the famous lines Hemingway wrote, â€Å"Krebs looked at the bacon fat hardening on his plate.† Like bacon his heart has been hardened by what he had seen in World War I and he knew he must get far away from his parents to be able to get his life back in order. Harold Krebs after graduating from a Methodist college in Kansas enlisted in the Marines in 1917 and did not return to the United States until 1919. While at war he saw many tragedies that changed his life forever. When he returns home he does not get a heroes welcome because many had returned before him. At first Krebs did not want to talk about the war but later on when he felt the need no one would listen. He spent his days reading, walking and admiring the girls but a lot had changed since he had been gone. He thought about going out with some of the girls he used to know and remembers the girls he knew overseas but finds, â€Å"the young girls had grown up. But they lived in such a complicated world with already defined alliances and shifting feuds that Krebs did not feel the energy or courage to break in it.† Krebs has a hard time relating to his parents and he finds himself not wanting to go watch his sister play ball. The climax to the story is when Krebs’s mother asks, â€Å"Don’t you love your mother, dear boy?† and he answers, â€Å"No†. Even though he had been feeling unhappy, useless, and out of place since he had returned from the war, he had been drifting along, going through the motions. He had been stagnating, spending his time sitting on the front porch, reading, trying â€Å"to keep his life from being complicated†. The final conflict with his mother forces Krebs to face the fact that he cannot stay. He lies to his mother to make her feel better after he has hurt her with the truth, but is â€Å"sick and vaguely nauseated† by his duplicity. As his mother prays over him at the end of the story, Krebs resolves to go away to Kansas City and start his life again, away from the home and family to which he can no longer belong. In the story, â€Å"Soldier’s Home† it is told from the third person narrator point of view. Hemingway, having been a former journalist is able to show how distant Krebs is because of being the type of journalist who is detached just like Krebs was detached by his experience in World War I. As Hemingway writes he shows how Krebs holds his emotions in that he knows his mother will not understand. When Krebs calls his mom â€Å"Mummy† he is trying to comfort her by acting like a child. At the end Krebs makes a decision to leave and go to Kansas City because he feels he may not ever reconnect with his family. Harold Krebs is a man who has gone through a life-changing event and has experienced many consequences made by his own choices and decisions. He then has to come to the understanding that he has to try and rebuild his life as he knew it. Things weren’t working out at his family’s house so he decided to move to Kansas City where he would get a job. This war was a hundred years ago and Krebs came back and had no clue what to do with his life when he got back. The same thing goes for the soldiers of the war in Afghanistan they see so much that traumatizes them that they do not know how to act when they are around their families. How to cite Soldier’s Home, Essay examples Soldier’s Home Free Essays â€Å"Reading† a Film – Smoke Signals Segment 1 0:00:00 – 0:30:00 Begins with: opening credits Ends with: Thomas telling his story about Denny’s 1. What is the significance of a person cutting their hair? Why would Arnold Joseph cut his hair? 2. The writer and director intended to include the 4 elements – fire, earth, air, water. We will write a custom essay sample on Soldier’s Home or any similar topic only for you Order Now Where do we see any of these elements? 3. What is the effect of all of the time shifts in the film? 4. How does Thomas feel about Victor’s father? 5. What is Victor Joseph’s attitude toward his father when he begins his journey? . Describe each relationship Thomas and Victor have with their home and the women that raise them. 7. Fry bread is a symbol in this film. Where do you see the fry bread? How can it be a symbol in this segment? 8. How is KREZ different from radio stations run by non-Indians? What was the screen writer attempting to tell us by repeatedly referring to the station in the film? 9. In the film Victor Joseph’s mother makes him promise several times that he will come right back from Phoenix. He says: â€Å"I promised you I would. You want me to sign a written contract, Mom? She replies, â€Å"Nah, we Indians have a thing about signed documents. † What was she referring to? 10. What are some historical references mentioned in the film? 11. Describe the relationship between Thomas and Victor. 12. Describe the life depicted on the reservation so far. What do you think are the writer’s and/or director’s feelings about the reservation? Segment 2 0:30:00 – 1:01:00 Begins with: Victor’s painful flashback about his father’s leaving Ends with: Victor going into his father’s trailer . How is the importance of hair mentioned in this segment? 2. How is the reality of life off the reservation made clear for Victor and Thomas? Think back to the discussion where Victor tries to teach Thomas how to be a real Indian? 3. What does Victor think of as a â€Å"real Indian†? Why do they sing â€Å"John Wayne’s Teeth†? Why does the song switch from diegetic (soun d the characters can hear) to nondiegetic (sound only the audience can hear), and how is it different when it becomes nondiegetic? 4. Fry bread is a symbol in this film. Where do you see the fry bread? How can it be a symbol in this segment? 5. The writer and director intended to include the 4 elements – fire, earth, air, water. Where do we see any of these elements? 6. What are some historical references mentioned in the film? 7. Everyone in the film seems to like to tell and hear stories except Victor. Why do you think this is? Are the stories that Thomas tells the truth or fiction? Does it matter? 8. Describe Suzy’s character. What purpose is she serving in the story? What is she trying to teach Victor? Segment 3 1:01:00 – end Begins with: Victor in his father’s trailer Ends with: closing credits 1. Why do you think Victor cuts his hair? 2. What does Thomas mean when he tells Victor that they are â€Å"traveling heavy with illusion†? 3. What does Victor mean when he says â€Å"everything burned up in the fire†? 4. What do you think Thomas means when he says â€Å"I think we were in 2 wrecks last night? Then Victor goes on to say that he’s sorry about â€Å"every wreck†? 5. The writer and director intended to include the 4 elements – fire, earth, air, water. Where do we see any of these elements? 6. How is the ending a perfect contrast to the opening fire scene? 7. Look at the lyrics to â€Å"Father and Farther. † Even though this song was not written specifically for the film, it fits very well. How does it relate and comment on the events that have been depicted? 8. What do you make of the film’s ending? How have things changed for Victor? Is anything different for Thomas? 9. Think of Thomas’s last comment at the end of the movie: â€Å"If we forgive our fathers, what is left? † What do you take as the meaning behind this? How does this relate to the story told in the film? 10. Why was Victor Joseph raging when he threw his father’s ashes into the river at the end of the film? Some Final Questions 1. The director of this movie said that â€Å"Anytime you put an Indian on the screen it’s politics – that’s kind of the luggage that comes with the whole Indian package. † What do you think he meant by this? Do you agree or disagree? 2. In Hebrew the name â€Å"Thomas† means â€Å"good company,† and in Latin â€Å"Victor† means â€Å"conquering. † How did these two characters play out their own names in this film? . A line of dialogue that was cut from the very end of the film has Thomas asking Victor if he might listen to one of his stories sometime, and Victor says yes. What role do stories and the art of storytelling play in this film? Why are stories important? 4. Victor Joseph’s father was abusive to him on occasion. But when his fath er leaves home, Victor tries to stop him. Can you explain how a young boy, 10 to 12 years old, would not want his father to leave home even if the father was abusive? â€Å"Father and Farther† Father and Farther |Sometimes, Father, you and I | | |Are like a dirty ghosts | | |who wear the same sheets every day | |Sometimes, Father, you and I, |as one more piece of us just dies and dies and dies. | |Are like a three-legged horse | | |who can’t get across the finish line |Now can I ask you Father? | |no mater how hard, he tries and tries and tries. |If you know how much farther we need to go? | | |Now can I ask you Father? |Sometimes, Father, you and I |If you know how much farther we have to go? | |Are like a Warrior, | | |who can only paint half of his face |Father and farther | |while the other half cries and cries and cries and cries. |Father and farther | | |’til we know? | |Now can I ask you Father? | |If you know how much farther we need to go? |Fath er and farther | |Now can I ask you Father? |Father and farther | |If you know how much farther we have to go? |’til we know? | | | | |Father and farther |Father and farther |Father and farther |Father and farther | |’til we know? |’til we know? | | | | |Father and farther |Father and farther | |Father and farther |Yeah, how much farther | |’til we know? |’til we know? | | | |Sometimes, Father, you and I, |Sometimes, Father, you and I, | |Are like two old drunks |Are like a three-legged horse | |who spend their whole lives in the bars |who can’t get across the finish line | |swallowing down all those lies and lies and lies. |No matter how hard, he tries and tries and tries†¦ | | | | How to cite Soldier’s Home, Papers

Business Communication Effective Non Verbal Communication

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Communication for Effective Non Verbal Communication. Answer: Effective Non-Verbal Communication is More Important than Verbal Communication Skills in the Workplace. There are majorly three procedure of communication in workplace, verbal, written or non-verbal. The procedure of each and every communication has its own significance. Non-verbal communication is crucial for interpreter. Communication is an important aspect for the business because it conveys empathy and emotions and enhances the workplace efficiency. In todays business world, communication is playing a crucial role to perform a function in organization. The importance of Communication at workplace is very high because it brings clarity, enhance productivity, amplify satisfaction towards job, share ideas and views, positive impact, reduce barriers and motivate co-worker (Latha, 2014). Verbal communication is a way to share the information by using words or speech and it covers face to face conversation, telephone, television or radio. On the other hand non-verbal communication refers sharing cues between people. It includes gesture, facial expression, pitch, tone, posture, gesture, p roximity, dress appearance and eye movements.Non verbal communication is important in business because it is not possible that verbal communication should be there to share the views and make conversation, sometimes important information can be shared by non-verbal communication (Bonaccio, et. al., 2016). It is the indicator which helps to know about the person by his gesture, posture and behavior. Moreover, non-verbal communication can be effective in terms of taking decision at workplace. It is the utmost duty of superiors to create an importance of communication because the way of communication influences the duties and the performance of the employees. A manager of an organization has to follow so many responsibilities in an organization such as employee relation, handling the deadline of work and monitoring of job performance. Therefore, it is important to manager to use non-verbal communication with appropriate attitude so that criterion and need of organization can be fulfill ed. Good attitude of non-verbal communication facilitates to enhance the productivity of an employee towards performing the task (Coach, 2015). Effective non-verbal communication has the ability to maintain the relationship between employees. A smile on face while entering the office can enhance the enthusiasm of others because smiling face gives positive vibes (Gabriel, et. al., 2015). It is also the sign of confidence such as posture is the sign of attribute of an individual. When an employee stands upright and maintains eye contact while conversing with managers or follower, it reflects the confidence of that person. In comparison of verbal communication, non-verbal communication is preferable because it shows the reality of person by his or her facial expression. Facial expression reflects the interest of that particular person towards performing the task while verbal communication unable to know the interest of others. There are so many cultures at workplace, it is necessary to have the knowledge about the various cultures. Tap on the shoulder, handshake, pat on the back are some example of various culture and these act ivities motivate employees towards performing the task with enthusiasm (Carney, et. al., 2010). Eye contact is the example of non-verbal communication which regulates conversation. Eye signal depicts important part of facial expression and provide the potential to understand the attitude of others. Good eye contact helps to enhance the positivity between clients because powerful emotions can be expressed by eye contact. Along with that feature, non-verbal communication covers the aspect of paralanguage. Paralanguage refers speed of the words and volume of voice. If someone is speaking very fast so it would not be easy to the listener to understand because his words are not clear. Low voice is unable to. Therefore, the way of speech should be in medium pitch and time to time pause should be there so that targeted audience can understand the message (ChartrandLakin, 2013). There are various gestures such as arm gestures, thumb and hand gestures and many more. There are so many meaning of using arm signal but in the context of business situations, arm crossing is most common one. A lot can be uttered with these gesticulations, even when an individual do not want to speak. The gesture of nod reflects that the listener is in favor of in directing a yes or no for an answer. Effective non-verbal communication skills of workers and manager as well can bring the huge positive change in the environment of workplace. Non-verbal communication is able to remove conflicts and maintains the relationship between employees and can influenced performance of each employee as well. In the concern of interpersonal communication in a workplace, non-verbal communication is able to convey the message to others. Posture, gesture, expression, eye contact, emotions, tone of speaking has their meaning such as good and effective posture shows the confidence of an individual while gesture highlights the point whereas facial expression able to convey the emotions to others and eye contact refers the interest towards particular things. Pitch of voice reflects the understanding of an individual about the particular task (Ct, et, al., 2013) There are so many benefits of non-verbal communication in business. It brings the opportunity to interact with workers and competitors through the way of clear cut or unreserved words. It is the substitute of verbal message. Non-verbal cues put instant effect on receiver and it can be perceived by receiver quickly. The methods of non verbal is mainly uses by business in comparison of verbal methods such as graphs charts and maps are the most preferable things to know about the science, geography and particular aspect. Nonverbal communication also indicates the signs and objects such as the dress of navy and the ranking criteria is the way of nonverbal communication which reflects the identification of navy. Nonverbal communication is not only useful to the business but also for everyone. For instance, illiterate people unable to read and if illiterate people get bottle of poison, the sign of skull will be helpful to them to know about the danger. Thus, a nonverbal sign also helps to those who are unable to read and speak (Subramani, 2010). Verbal communication is also a part of business to convey the message and information to others but it has some disadvantages as well. Verbal communication in comparison of nonverbal communication is costly and lengthy. To accomplish the verbal communication, various equipments and information are needed which occupied huge expenses. The medium of communication by verbal communication is having the variety such as there are number of languages is being used in all over the world to communicate with others and it cannot be possible to an individual to having knowledge of each language (Lunenburg, 2010). So intercultural communication becomes issue for making understand and third part is required to know the language which consumes lot of money. On the other hand non-verbal communication does not need to invest money; it is simple and easy to understand. Repetition, inaccuracy in information and no storage of information are also disadvantages of verbal communication (Mujezinovic, 2011 ). Non verbal communication is more efficient at work place in comparison of verbal communication because it has been seen that due to non-verbal communication people come closer and starts to have conversation. Posture, gesture and face expressions are able to attract the person due to effective personality. Confident person can adjust everywhere and make their position firmly. It makes work easy at workplace (Conrad Newberry, 2013). It is also useful in interviews and businesses. There are various professional people such as teacher, doctors, lawyers who need to communicate with others on regularly basis if their communication skill is not good as per non-verbal communication, then their work will have to suffer in the organization. Only verbal communication is not sufficient for business, non-verbal communication also covers the important part of business. For instance, eye contact and posture are very important in interviews because it reflects the interest and confidence of an ind ividual. With the help of non-verbal communication one can shows empathy, confidence, trustworthiness and accuracy of intentions (Tiwari, 2015). It has been concluded that non-verbal communication is must in the business because it shows the reality and trustworthiness of an individual. It also works like complementary such as people in pain usually tell to others about their pain and their gesture and posture which is the sign of non-verbal communication indicates that they are in pain. The act of non-verbal communication is stronger than verbal communication in so many stages. The nature of non-verbal communication is situational and contextual and sometimes the message which is conveyed by non-verbal communication is stronger. It has been critically evaluated in this essay that the verbal communication is important but now a days most of the businesses are using non-verbal communication to convey the messages and motivate them. Advantage of non-verbal communication at workplace has been reflected in this essay. The major aim of organization regarding information is to convey the right message in an appropriate manner. Henc e, communication of organization consider as important aspect which is helpful to develop the relations between employee and employer. With the help of non-verbal communication the attitudes of an individual can be understood on the other hand verbal communication helps to make understand the meaning to the third party. References Bonaccio, S Reilly, J, O Sullivan,S, l, O Chiocchio, F, 2016, Nonverbal Behavior and Communication in the Workplace: A Review and an Agenda for Research, Journal of Management Vol. XX No. X, Month XXXX 131 DOI: 10.1177/0149206315621146. Carney, D. R., Cuddy, A. J., Yap, A. J. 2010, Power posing brief nonverbal displays affect neuroendocrine levels and risk tolerance, Psychological Science, 21: 1363-1368. Chartrand, T. L., Lakin, J. L. 2013, The antecedents and consequences of human behavioral mimicry. Annual Review of Psychology, 64: 285-308. Coach, B, 2015, Advantages of Nonverbal Communication in Business, Retrieved on 25th April 2017 from: https://bizcommunicationcoach.com/advantages-of-nonverbal-communication-in-business/. Conrad, D Newberry, R, 2013, 24 Business Communication Skills: Attitudes of Human Resource Managers versus Business Educators, American Communication Journal 2011 Spring, Volume 13, Issue. Ct, S., Hideg, I., Van Kleef, G. A. 2013, The consequences of faking anger in negotiations, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49: 453-463. Gabriel, A. S., Acosta, J. D., Grandey, A. A. 2015, The value of a smile: Does emotional performance matter more in familiar or unfamiliar exchanges?, Journal of Business and Psychology, 30: 37-50. Latha, M, 2014, First Impressions: A Study of Non- Verbal Communication, Frontiers of Language and Teaching, Vol.5. Lunenburg, F, C, 2010, Communication: The Process, Barriers, And Improving Effectiveness, schooling volume 1, number1, 2010. Mujezinovic, N 2011, The importance of non-verbal communication in business, Bachelor Thesis 2011. Subramani, R, 2010, Insight through Body Language and Non-verbal Communication References In Tirukkural, Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow, Volume 10 : 2 February 2010 ISSN 1930-2940. Tiwari, A, K, 2015, Non-verbal communication-an essence of interpersonal relationship at workplace, Vol. XI, No. 2; December 2015.